{"id":12550,"date":"2012-06-05T10:52:51","date_gmt":"2012-06-05T14:52:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/theredphoenixapl.org\/?p=12550"},"modified":"2012-06-05T10:52:51","modified_gmt":"2012-06-05T14:52:51","slug":"cia-claims-release-of-its-history-of-the-bay-of-pigs-debacle-would-confuse-the-public","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/redphoenix.news\/es\/2012\/06\/cia-claims-release-of-its-history-of-the-bay-of-pigs-debacle-would-confuse-the-public\/","title":{"rendered":"CIA Claims Release of its History of the Bay of Pigs Debacle Would \u201cConfuse the Public.\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Confused anti-Castro forces captured during the Bay of Pigs invasion. History is being held captive, as well.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

17 April 2012 UPDATE: Fifty-one years after the failed attempt to invade Cuba, the Central Intelligence Agency and Department of Justice continue to claim that releasing the final volume of a CIA history of the debacle would \u201cconfuse the public\u201d and should therefore remain withheld. The National Security Archive originally requested the document in 2005. Last year, the Archive filed a FOIA lawsuit to commemorate the 50th Anniversary of Bay of Pigs debacle. That prompted the release of three volumes of the five volume history (one volume was already available at the Johnson Presidential Library); the CIA and DOJ have continued to fight the release of the fifth volume. Judge Kessler, of the US District Court in Washington DC, is expected to soon rule on the case.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

In late 2011, the Central Intelligence Agency explained<\/span><\/a><\/span> to Judge Kessler of the US District Court in Washington DC that releasing the final volume of its three-decade-old history of the 1961 Bay of Pigs debacle would \u201cconfuse the public,\u201d and should be withheld because it is a \u201cpredecisional\u201d document. Wow. And I thought that I had heard them all.<\/span><\/p>\n

On the 50th anniversary of the Bay of Pigs invasion, the National Security Archive filed a Freedom of Information Act lawsuit<\/span><\/a><\/span> for the release of a five-volume CIA history of the Bay of Pigs affair. In response to the lawsuit, the CIA negotiated to release three volumes of the history \u2014 the JFK Assassination Records Review Board had already released Volume III\u2013 with limited redaction, currently available<\/span><\/a><\/span> on the National Security Archive\u2019s website. At the time, the Director of the National Security Archive\u2019s Cuba Documentation project, Peter Kornbluh, quipped<\/span><\/a><\/span> that getting historic documents released from the CIA was \u201cthe bureaucratic equivalent of passing a kidney stone.\u201d He was right. The Agency refused to release the final volume of this history, and the National Security Archive is not giving up on the fight.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
<\/span><\/a> Keet it secret!<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Volume five of the history, written by CIA historian Jack Pfeiffer \u2013who sued the CIA himself to release the history in 1987, and lost\u2013 is described by the CIA<\/span><\/a><\/span> as an \u201cInternal Investigation document\u201d that \u201cis an uncritical defense of the CIA officers who planned and executed the Bay of Pigs operation\u2026 It offers a polemic of recriminations against CIA officers who later criticized the operation and against those U.S. officials who its author, Dr. Pfeiffer, contends were responsible for the failure of that operation.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

While Dr. Pfeiffer\u2019s conclusions may or may not be true, FOIA case law appears to be pretty clear that Americans \u2013who funded the operation and Dr. Pfeiffer\u2019s histories\u2013 have the right to read this document and decide for themselves its merits. Despite the claims<\/span><\/a><\/span> of the CIA\u2019s chief historian David Robarge, the document should not remain in the CIA vaults because its conclusions \u201ccould cause scholars, journalists, and others interested in the subject at hand to reach an erroneous or distorted view of the Agency\u2019s role.\u201d<\/strong> Historians, after all, are well trained in treating documents \u2013especially CIA hagiographies<\/span> sources\u2013 skeptically.<\/span><\/p>\n

To prevent the public from reading this volume, the CIA has argued that because it is a draft, it is a predecisional document and can be denied under exemption b(5) of the FOIA. Except \u2013as David Sobel, counsel to the National Security Archive points out in<\/span><\/a> our<\/span><\/a> motions<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u2013 the case law states otherwise.<\/span><\/p>\n

President Obama instructed every agency<\/span><\/a><\/span> (yes, even the CIA) to \u201cusher in a new era of open government\u201d and apply a \u201cpresumption of disclosure\u2026 to all decisions involving FOIA.\u201d In response to this instruction, the Department of Justice Office of Information Policy \u2013responsible for enforcing FOIA throughout the government\u2013 issued its own guidance<\/span><\/a><\/span> to agencies (yes, even the CIA), explaining:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cA requested record might be a draft, or a memorandum containing a recommendation. Such records might be properly withheld under Exemption 5, but that should not be the end of the review. Rather, the content of that particular draft and that particular memorandum should be reviewed and a determination made as to whether the agency reasonably foresees that disclosing that particular document, given its age, content, and character, would harm an interest protected by Exemption 5. In making these determinations, agencies should keep in mind that mere \u201cspeculative or abstract fears\u201d are not a sufficient basis for withholding. Instead, the agency must reasonably foresee that disclosure would cause harm\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

For all records, the age of the document and the sensitivity of its content are universal factors that need to be evaluated in making a decision whether to make a discretionary release.\u201d *<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

As the D.C. circuit recognized, \u201cthe Supreme Court has pointed out that the \u2018expectation of the confidentiality of executive communications [] has always been limited and subject to erosion over time\u2026\u201d” (Judicial Watch, Inc. v. U.S. Dep\u2019t of Justice (D.C. Cir. 2004.)<\/span><\/p>\n

Even presidential records are barred from being withheld under \u201cpredecisional pretenses\u201d after a period of time. The Presidential Records Act<\/span><\/a><\/span> expressly states that exemption b(5) cannot<\/strong> be invoked to withhold records once the president has been out of office twelve years. If the presidential communication and work process is not threatened by this provision, there is no reason that the CIA\u2019s history staff should be.<\/span><\/p>\n

And there is a good chance that the history is not even a predecisonal document. The burden rests on the CIA to point to the specific decision that the history is \u201cdecides\u201d to make it a predecisional document. And so far they have not. Their case rests on the speculative and abstract fear<\/strong> of \u201cdiscrediting[ing] the work of the CIA History Staff in the eyes of the public or, worse, in the eyes of the Agency officers who rely upon CIA histories.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Even if parts of the document truly are predecisional, only they can be withheld, the facts leading up to that decision \u2013and histories are (hopefully) based primarily on facts\u2013 must be released.<\/span><\/p>\n

To wit, draft histories have frequently been released<\/span><\/a><\/span> under FOIA. In 2010, the Department of Justice released portions of pages of a candid history of Nazi-hunting (and Nazi-protecting) clearly marked DRAFT. (The unredacted version of the report was subsequently leaked\u2013 no prosecution by the Obama administration for that one\u2026 yet.) Moreover, the CIA previously disclosed Volume IV of this history in draft form<\/strong> (with a disclaimer)! This final volume to the CIA\u2019s history remains one of the few \u2013perhaps the only\u2013 government produced product chronicling the doomed invasion which remains classified; the public should be allowed to see its contents.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
<\/span><\/a> “Trust us. You don’t need to read it for yourselves.”<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The National Security Archive\u2019s case is a strong one. I\u2019m confident that Judge Kessler will require a de novo review of the document leading to its eventual release.<\/span><\/p>\n

On the other hand, the CIA\u2019s \u201cconfuse the public\u201d defense appears is as weak as it is insulting.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/p>\n

*It\u2019s certainly not clear why DOJ attorneys would agree to argue this case for the CIA, especially after Eric Holder sent a government-wide memo<\/span><\/a><\/span> which promised to defend denials of FOIA requests only when disclosures would truly harm agency interests. What is more clear is the reason why many agencies have failed to implement the Obama FOIA reforms \u2013the Department of Justice has done a poor job implementing them within its own divisions, and the DOJ Office of Information Policy has done a poorer job forcing other agencies to comply with the law.<\/span><\/p>\n

As the Archive\u2019s counsel David Sobel put it, \u201cThis case is yet the latest example of the Obama administration failing to deliver on its promise of \u2018unprecedented\u2019 transparency. It\u2019s hard to understand how the release of this document, after all these years, could in any way harm legitimate government interests.\u201d”<\/span><\/p>\n

Source<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

17 April 2012 UPDATE: Fifty-one years after the failed attempt to invade Cuba, the Central Intelligence Agency and Department of Justice continue to claim that..<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":38595,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[166,18,21,97],"tags":[320,197,350,351],"class_list":["post-12550","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-government","category-history","category-international","category-us-news","tag-cuba","tag-imperialism","tag-united-states-history","tag-world-history"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/redphoenix.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/bay-of-pigs1_12550_efa8d.jpg?fit=482%2C317&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/redphoenix.news\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12550","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/redphoenix.news\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/redphoenix.news\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/redphoenix.news\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/redphoenix.news\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12550"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/redphoenix.news\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12550\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/redphoenix.news\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38595"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/redphoenix.news\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12550"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/redphoenix.news\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12550"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/redphoenix.news\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12550"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}